AI SummaryAI-generated · verify against the full text
A new foam application technique for bleaching woven fabrics reduces water and energy consumption while maintaining effective whitening.
Researchers combined the foam application technique with bleaching and ozonation methods to reduce environmental impact. They developed a suitable foam formulation and applied an ozone post-treatment to fabrics. The results showed that the foam application technique achieved sufficient whitening and is a promising sustainable alternative for textile production.
Abstract
The highest water consumption in the textile industry occurs during wet pretreatment processes. These processes lead to increased energy costs and negatively affect the environmental footprint of production. In this study, the feasibility of combining the foam application technique with bleaching and ozonation methods was investigated to reduce water, energy, and chemical consumption in woven fabrics. A suitable formulation was developed for the foam application process, and an ozone post-treatment was subsequently applied to the selected fabrics.
The whiteness and surface performance characteristics of the treated samples were evaluated, and the combined method was found to provide clear advantages over conventional processes in terms of environmental impact. While a whiteness level of 73 Berger was obtained with the conventional method, up to 67 Berger was achieved using the foam application technique, which is sufficient for effective bleaching. Additionally, the relationship between pretreatment and dyeing was examined by conducting dyeing processes following pretreatment.
The findings demonstrated that the foam application technique is applicable to bleaching processes and represents a promising sustainable alternative for textile production.
Keywords
Foam applicationozonationcotton fabricbleachingsustainabilitydyeing
Full TextOpen Access
References
- 1.[1] K. Pektaş and O. Balcı, "Çözelti üfleme tekniği ile farklı bitim işlemi kimyasallarının tekstil yüzeylerine aktarılması ve performanslarının değerlendirilmesi," Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 617-626.
- 2.[2] M. L. Catarino, F. Sampaio, and A. L. Gonçalves, "Sustainable wet processing technologies for the textile industry: a comprehensive review," Sustainability, vol. 17, no. 7, p. 3041, 2025.
- 3.[3] B. B. Kassie, H. Fentahun, and T. M. Daget, "Optimization of Combined Pre-Treatment Process for Bleaching of Cotton Woven Fabric Using Box–Behnken Design," Journal of Natural Fibers, vol. 21, no. 1, 2024. doi: 10.1080/15440478.2024.2396904.
- 4.[4] S. Eren, M. Öztürk, and S. Türkçen, "Pamuklu dokuma havlu kumaşlarin ozon gazi ile ağartilmasi," Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 631-644, 2023.
- 5.[5] M. Mohsin and S. Sardar, "Development of sustainable and cost efficient textile foam-finishing and its comparison with conventional padding," Cellulose, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 4091-4107, 2020.
- 6.[6] M. Mohsin, S. Sardar, K. S. Akhtar, W. Anam, S. Ijaz, N. Afraz, and A. Jamil, "Performance enhancement of water and energy efficient foam dyeing and finishing through different foaming agents," J. Nat. Fibers, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 2164102, 2023.
- 7.[7] N. Afraz, M. H. Malik, M. Muhammad, S. Sardar, T. Naveed, A. Khan, and T. Nadeem, "Performance enhancement of novel and sustainable foam dyeing of polyester fabrics using disperse dyes," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 3463–3470, 2024.
- 8.[8] K. Irmak, M. Gideroğlu, and S. Yılmaz, "Development of sustainable denim products with foam application technique in denim washing processes," Orclever Proc. Res. Dev., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 459–469, 2024.
- 9.[9] A. Walawska, M. Olak-Kucharczyk, A. Kaczmarek, and M. H. Kudzin, "Environmentally friendly bleaching process of the cellulose fibres materials using ozone and hydrogen peroxide in the gas phase," Materials, vol. 17, no. 6, p. 1355, 2024.
- 10.[10] S. B. Hamida, V. Srivastava, M. Sillanpää, M. Shestakova, W. Z. Tang, and N. Ladhari, "Eco-friendly bleaching of indigo dyed garment by advanced oxidation processes," J. Clean. Prod., vol. 158, pp. 134–142, 2017.
- 11.[11] G. Y. Pabuşçu and N. G. Değerli, "Sürdürülebilirlik açısından tekstil ve moda tasarımında yeni bakış açıları: pamuklu kumaşlarda lazer ve ozon teknolojilerinin kullanımı," Ankara Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 549–571, 2024.
- 12.[12] İ. Palabıyık, A. Körlü, and G. Ö. Kayseri, "Kenevir içeren denim giysilerin terbiyesinde çevre dostu bir yöntem: ozon ile yıkama," Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 881–895, 2024.
- 13.[13] N. Paksoy, O. Balcı, and B. S. Beşen, "A research of applicability of ozone bleaching process for the 100% cotton fabrics at jigger machine," Text. Apparel, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 173–183, 2020.
- 14.[14] R. Ghasemian, H. Barani, and F. Khazaei, "Surface modification and performance of wool fibers after combined plasma and enzyme treatments," Sci. Rep., vol. 15, no. 1, p. 9079, 2025.
- 15.[15] X. An, R. Zhang, L. Liu, J. Yang, Z. Tian, G. Yang, et al., "Ozone pretreatment facilitating cellulase hydrolysis of unbleached bamboo pulp for improved fiber flexibility," Ind. Crops Prod., vol. 178, p. 114577, 2022.
- 16.[16] R. S. Gabardo, D. S. de Carvalho Cotre, M. J. Lis Arias, M. P. Moisés, B. T. Martins Ferreira, R. B. Samulewski, et al., "Surface modification of polyester fabrics by ozone and its effect on coloration using disperse dyes," Materials, vol. 14, no. 13, p. 3492, 2021.
- 17.[17] A. Zulfiqar, F. Arooj, M. Aftab, M. Rashid, M. Luqman, S. U. R. Kashif, and R. Naseer, "A sustainable approach to dyed cotton fabric stripping using ozone," Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 9, p. 7467, 2023.
- 18.[18] S. Eren, M. Öztürk, and İ. Yiğit, "The effect of surface modification with ozone in waterless (ScCO2) dyeing o polyester," J. Innov. Eng. Nat. Sci., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 314–325, 2024.
- 19.[19] L. Zhang, J. Fu, W. Gao, Y. Li, and X. Fan, "Revealing the structural variation and degradation mechanism of cellulose during ozone oxidation treatment," Ind. Crops Prod., vol. 219, p. 119101, 2024.